Since venture capitalists were wary of investing in anything that didnt have proven traction with an audience of early adopters, it was difficult for small, independent developers to find outside funding. The rise of platforms like Kickstarter and Indiegogo has changed all that. With a working prototype and a slick demo video, hardware startups have raised tens of millions of dollars in pledges from people who want to be among the first to test their device. Its created a new paradigm around development and given us products like the Pebble, Ouya, and Oculus Rift.