The European Commission is launching a trio of in-depth investigations into potential tax evasion by Apple, Starbucks, and Fiat within the European Union. The probes will ascertain whether the three companies tax avoidance efforts are within the boundaries of EU rules, or if the corporate rates applied by their respective tax hosts could be considered illegal state aid. Ireland is the center of many companies efforts thanks a loophole that can allow stateless multinationals to enjoy a low rate of corporate tax, and it will be one focus of the Commissions investigation. International pressure on Ireland to close its well-known loopholes has steadily increased over recent years.